Percepção e ações educativas em ambientes escolares: enfoques aos documentos legais determinantes em área de proteção ambiental

Abstract

Men, glimpsing the necessity of economic growth treat nature as an infinite source of raw material, affecting the biodiversity and destroying the perspective of life quality for future generations. As a way to compensate for any biodiversity lost, Conservation Units (CU) were created. However, along with the creation of these CUs, without inserting a value of aggregated environmental knowledge, especially regarding legal issues for sustainable use of the environment, it also appeared the first social conflicts. Due to this aspect, this study aimed to diagnose and assess the reflexes and perceptions promoted through educational sensitizing actions, regarding the understanding of the laws governing the implementation of the Environmental Protection Area (APA). Specifically, this research intended to: (i) verify teachers' perceptions about the legal documents governing the national education connected to nature conservation in APA's; (ii) determine, along with the parents of the students, the interest on legal issues related to the conservation of the environment; (iii) analyze alternatives for implementing interdisciplinary educational actions in formal spaces of education in cooperation with teachers and students, about the official registers of a CU of sustainable use. The research, involving the diagnosis related to environmental perception, was conducted in two schools located within the APA Jenipabu, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil: The Sérgio de Oliveira Aguiar Municipal School and The Alderman Ricardo Afonso Lima municipal school (EMVRAL); while the implementation and analysis of educational action was carried in the EMVRAL. It is highlighted in the methodology, the use of questionnaire for collecting data, and evaluation according to the content analysis, with regard to the use of emerging categories. In this process, it is also included elements of the Action-Research, In the production of informational content for analysis. The information, relevant to the dissertation, was structured in two chapters formatted in textual genre of a scientific article. The first entitled: "Diagnosis about legal documents in school units: a starting point for bringing together community and managers of an Environmental Protection Area". The diagnostic data about the perception of the school communities involved in the research made explicit the condition of the understanding of the documents governing an Environmental Protection Area. In this regard, there was a lack of educational activities at the Alderman Ricardo Afonso Lima Municipal School. The second article was entitled: "The effectiveness of environmental actions in educational institution: analysis of proposed educational activities held in a conservation unit of sustainable use.” The main focus is centered on the importance of obtaining data on environmental actions, involving legal issues relevant to the educational community of the APAJ. In the course of action were inserted recreational activities aiming the study of the documents governing UC's. It was found that there was an effective learning process of students and an increase in the pedagogical activities of teachers. Nevertheless, it is observed that there is the necessity of more educational actions for an effective focused on learning and community awareness, towards an ecologically balanced environment.