Avifauna da fazenda Santa Alice, planalto Norte Catarinense: composição e interações ave-planta em áreas com diferentes métodos de manejo de Pinus

Abstract

The state of Santa Catarina has a gap in his ornithological knowledge, with your plateau area, once covered by the Araucaria forest, neglected when it comes to knowledge of its avifauna. This work aimed to study the birds occurring in a timber-producing farm in Rio Negrinho, SC, covering the occupation of the species in different vegetation succession, and an approach on the correlations between birds and plants dispersed by them, seeking a new focus within the processes of restoration of environments. There was a wealth of 261 bird species, covering a wide variety of successional stages, including 11 endangered species and three new records for the state. This wealth can be considered high when comparing with other work in areas of pine plantations with different management methods. Of the total, 47 species showed a high frequency of occurrence (FO), 74 an average FO and 124 low, the standard expected for tropical rain forests of character. During the sampling period with mist- nets, was captured a total of 557 individuals belonging to 77 species. The species with the highest relative abundance was Haplospiza unicolor, due to a natural event of great magnitude: the harvest of two species of bamboo belonging to the genus Merostachys, which influenced the landscape and consequently the composition of the avifauna. The environment formed by the advanced stage showed the highest capture rate (n=200), followed by initial (n=191) and intermediate (n=85). This succession of birds revealed differences in the occupation of niches by some groups according to the environment. Sampling in areas of pine plantations have shown a difference in the use of them, according to their age, and areas with more than 15 years had a more diverse bird life, when performed management techniques employed in the sampled area. As concerns the frugivory and seed dispersion, 22 plant species were seen being dispersed for 59 species of birds. The total network of interactions showed a visible nestedness. Nested networks are less likely to loss of species by elimination of one of these, since it is a cohesive network. The value of this work was presented connectance of 0.256, intermediate value expected in tropical forests that have been changed. Myrsine coriacea presented like as the key resource for maintaining the birds, with four Melastomataceae (Miconia cinerascens, M. petropolitana, Ossaea sp. and Leandra sp.) and four species of pioneer character. The production of fruits of Lauraceae correlated with the existence locally of migratory birds, which have a preponderant role in the dispersal of their seeds. Within the methods used in environmental restoration nucleation, were described several aspects of the importance of birds in this process, supporting well, improvements in the development of these techniques according to the birds occurring.