Compartimentação pedológica-ambiental e sua influência sobre a florística e estrutura de um remanescente de floresta ombrófila mista na região centro-sul do Paraná

Abstract

This qualitative study aimed to characterize the flora of a remnant of FOM, Phytosociological quantify the behavior of species according to the pedologic- environmental partitioning and identify which abiotic factors manage the distribution of species in the environment. The floristic survey recorded 116 species, 89 genera and 48 botanical families. The families with the greatest diversity of species were Myrtaceae (15), Fabaceae (8), Bignoniaceae and Solanaceae (7). By the criteria of frequency, the species Allophylus edulis, Casearia decandra, Cinnamodendron dinisii, theezans Ilex, Ocotea puberula, Ocotea pulchella and Schinus terebinthifolius can be considered Very Common companions of Araucaria angustifolia in floristic composition of the FOM. It is noteworthy that some species were not related in any other floristic list of FOM and others have a higher frequency in the composition of semi-deciduous seasonal forest. The floristic analysis showed that many species cited as natural in the area with small trees of the FOM are not as frequent as references. That may be the result of human actions on this biome that has been occurring for decades, or that the first bibliographic records did not consider all of the area of FOM in Parana. Part of the forest area was divided following pedological geomorphic and environmental criteria in four pedoenvironments (P1, P2, P3 and P4) for the phytosociological survey carried out by fixed plots method of 10 x 10 meters where the individuals were measured with the diameter the chest height ≥ 4.78 cm. The pedoenvironment were nominated as P1-Front /Haplic Inceptisol, P2 – short pending /Regosol, P3 - Third final ramp convex / Oxisol and P4 - Plains / Humic inceptisol. Due to differential characteristics and peculiar to each pedoenvironment, the amount of plots, individuals sampled, values of the phytosociological descriptors, diameter vertical distribution and a Shannon-Weaver were distinct. The pedological and environmental partitioning showed that tree species distribution is not uniform among pedoenvironment therefore the sociological data on the occurrence and preference of the species are related to environmental factors such as drainage and soil classes, the thickness of the soil profile, base saturation, geomorphic aspect. With the construction of the density matrix with 25 species with ten or more individuals in the total sample and the array with five environmental variables performed Canonical Correspondence Analysis - CCA. The values and the ordering produced by the CCA clearly indicated that the distribution of species is correlated to environmental factors of drainage, the thickness of the soil profile, concentration of H+2 + Al+3, pH and P levels, ranging from classes of predominant soils.