Percepção dos administradores e populares sobre a criação e a gestão do Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara, Ceará.

Abstract

The Jericoacoara National Park was created starting from the recategorization of the Jericoacoara Environmental Protection Area which is located in the districts of Jijoca, Jericoacoara and Cruz, Ceará State, Brazil, with the objective from to protect and to keep samples of the Brazilian coastal ecosystems and control local activities of environmental education, scientific researches and ecotourism. The National Parks areas are ownership from public control. In this way, these areas should be dispossessed in the law form and the public visitation should be governed by established norms at the management plan. The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts and the changes happened with the transformation of the Jericoacoara Environmental Protection Area – APA, in Jericoacoara National Park - PNJ on the point of view of the local population of the area. The used methodological procedures were the bibliographical and documental research. Field visits were realized to apply the applications of interviews semi-structured with administrators and the local community and others techniques were used to observation the daily population for acquire knowledge with them. The data were analyzed through dynamic table from "Microsoft Office" and "Office Excel". The criterion for choice the interviewees was based on the knowledge and local life. According to the administrators, they have several problems for conduct and management the park, as the financier, labor, fiscalization and material lack in general. PNJ, as well as APA, was created and implanted without the community's participation, what has been generating several conflicts. PNJ still doesn't have management plan. The obtained data results appointed: there was not public consultation during the process of PNJ creation; the residents felt cheated and without perspective of benefits after park executed; the park still doesn't have defined limits generating conflicts with the border communities; the families which live inside the park will removed; the fishing, shrimp, crab and sururu capture were prohibit (local tradition); prohibition of tourist walks, agricultural activity and trails demarcation. On this way for proceeds the park delimitation it is fundamental to reduce number of families inside the park, for the families doesn’t be reached by the legal restrictions. That will be good because they can turn allied with the park preservation. For most of the residents, the PNJ creation had the purpose to contain the town and tourists growth; this new category haven’t change direct impact in the community, because doesn’t have fiscalization and management plan, but the residents fear that situation can cause damage on the tourism and regional development. The area has great potential as park, but the implementation needs the acceptance and the community's participation into the all decision. The community has approve and understanding about the unit protection but they need basics knowledge and education environmental programs. The PNJ ecosystems still failed with protection, fiscalization and employees is below the necessary.